RSA #4
Design plan
“FROM
PHYSICAL BENCHMARKS TO MENTAL BENCHMARKS:
A Four Dimensions
Dynamic Model to Assure the Quality of Instructional Activities in Electronic
and Virtual Learning Environments”
This article discusses
four aspects in a model designed for virtual learning environments. According to the article, the four areas are:
Cognitive presence activities, psychological presence activities, social
presence activities, and mental presence activities .
Cognitive presence activities start with what the author calls
“opinionators.” This allows students to
make decisions and take a position on a topic.
Psychological presence activities include observable behaviors that can
be transferred into authentic actions.
Social presence activities include just that, activities that involve
collaboration.
Lastly, Mental presence activities show that the learner takes on the
role of coach, or self-mentor, to gain more knowledge or to further a skill
set.
By applying this model, Dr. Abdelaziz claims that e-learning activities
will have a better learner outcome if all four of the above mentioned areas are
included in the instructional design.
Through the use of computer networking
technologies, teachers are facilitating learning by providing resources to the
learners. The suggested model increases
quality of learning by allowing students to choose the way they learn. Assignments such as information collection,
problem solving, and constructivist activities are just a few examples of
learning tasks. In addition, the use of online instructional techniques and
activities to address various learning styles is used to create lessons that
will allow students to connect with the assignment.
This article relates
directly to the Dynamic Instructional Design model in that they both focus on
the outcome of the learner using strategies that are student centered .
A
Model for Developing International Education: Bringing It All
Together
This
article uses instructional design as one of three main components of developing
a model for international education. According to Bolan, Instructional
design is the systematic
approach to the analysis, design, development, implementation,
and evaluation of effective learner-centered
instruction.
For an
international design to be effective, the article states that a universal
instructional design is to be used regardless of the audience being local or
international. The two other components
of culture and communication come into consideration when analyzing the learner’s
needs.
Each step of the
process is similar to the dynamic instructional design model in that instructional
goals are developed, teaching/learning resources are developed, and a strong
evaluation tool is used.
This model
discusses the use of technology in the design.
Planning needs to keep in mind the availability, accessibility, and
reliability of technology that
will be used. Questions about the user,
whether it is the instructors or the students, need to be asked. Tech support needs to be put into place so
that learners and instructors are able to become familiar with the
technology. In addition, educational
timelines need to be addressed as well as a discussion about finances. Financial planning is another important
aspect of this international design model.
Who will pay for the cost of the program? An agreement must be reached.
Other factors
such as language barriers, , economic state, and religion present a challenge
to the development of the plan. Language
includes both verbal and non verbal communications. In some countries, personal space is not an
issue. This may become challenging for
those that require space while working.
Economic state must be studied to determine the stability of the
economic state of the country. Funding
could be effected by this issue. Religion
will affect scheduling regarding holidays and developing norms for dress code
procedure.
ABDELAZIZ, D. H. (2013). FROM PHYSICAL BENCHMARKS TO
MENTAL BENCHMARKS:. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE.
Bolan, C. M. (2006). A Model for Developing
International Education: Bringing It All. College Quarterly, 9.
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